Mitigation
Measures required to offset a project's environmental impacts — avoidance, minimization, or compensation such as credits or restoration.
Regulators apply mitigation as a sequence: avoid the impact first, minimize what cannot be avoided, and compensate for the remainder. Compensation typically means purchasing credits from a mitigation bank or funding restoration.
Avoidance is nearly free at the layout stage and impossible later. Screening constraints before a footprint is fixed is the single highest-return activity in early project development.
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