Endangered Species Act (ESA)
The federal statute protecting listed threatened and endangered species and the habitat they depend on.
The ESA prohibits take of listed species and, through critical habitat designation and consultation requirements, shapes what can be built and when. It applies to private land as well as federal.
For projects, the ESA is usually encountered through Section 7 consultation when a federal nexus exists, or through Section 10 permitting when it does not. Either path adds time, study cost and often design changes.
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